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The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the Virginia Deer, or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized deer native to the United States (all but five of the states), Canada, Mexico, Central America and in South America (as far south as Peru). It has also been introduced to New Zealand and some countries in Europe.
The species is most common east of the Rocky Mountains, and is absent from much of the Western United States, including Nevada, Utah, California, Hawaii, and Alaska. It is a close relative of the mule deer and blacktail deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Fossil records indicate that its basic structure has not changed in four million years.
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